Domains and self-care strategies of patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a leading cause of global morbidity, chronic, irreversible, and leads to various complications. Objective: To analyze self-care among diabetic patients within primary healthcare. Methods: The research adopts an observational cross-sectional design, with documentary typology, employing a descriptive level using a qualitative systematic review methodology. MeSH terms included "strategies," "self-care," "diabetic patients," and "primary care," with filters from 2017 to 2022 and articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Literature search utilized online databases such as MEDLINE/PubMed, Epistemonikos, and Scielo. Results: Analysis of self-care dimensions synthesized across diet, exercise, medication, foot care, glycemia, and emotions, described in 22 articles, revealed comprehensive and detailed management of dietary prescription. Additionally, strategies focus on health education to prevent complications, avert mortality, and address community needs through various modalities. Conclusions: The highlighted five domains address patterns contributing to diagnosed patients' health and individuals with risk factors. Strategies promoting self-care emphasize education and support, notably through telehealth as an innovative methodology.