Lactancia materna como factor protector contra el desarrollo de leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35622/j.ram.2023.01.005Palabras clave:
lactancia materna, cáncer infantil, leucemia linfoblástica aguda, niñoResumen
El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar si la lactancia materna actúa como factor protector contra el desarrollo de leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos publicados entre los años 2012 y 2022 que investigaron la asociación entre la lactancia materna y la leucemia linfoblástica aguda en PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus y SciELO. Se identificaron 128 trabajos en la búsqueda inicial. Finalmente se seleccionaron 5 artículos de diseño casos y controles. Los resultados indican que la leche humana puede reducir el riesgo de padecer leucemia linfoblástica aguda en los niños en un 44% (OR: 0,56, IC 95%: 0,35 – 0,90, p = 0,017). Los niños que fueron amamantados hasta los 7-9 meses tienen un menor riesgo de presentar leucemia infantil (OR: 0,498, IC 95%: 0,318 – 0,780, p = 0,002). En conclusión, la lactancia materna ejerce un efecto protector contra el desarrollo de la leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil. Dar de lactar por un periodo de 6 meses a más, disminuye el riesgo de desarrollo de leucemia linfoblástica aguda.
Referencias
Steliarova-Foucher E, Colombet M, Ries LAG, Moreno F, Dolya A, Bray F, et al. International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001–10: a population-based registry study. The Lancet Oncology. 2017;18(6): 719–731. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30186-9.
González-Casagua MS, Bermeo-Calderón JD, Laverde-Gaona LA, Tafurt-Cardona Y. Carcinógenos ambientales asociados a cáncer infantil. Universidad y Salud. 2019;21(3): 270–276. https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.192103.164.
Jiménez-Morales S, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Ramírez-Bello J. Leucemia linfoblástica aguda infantil: una aproximación genómica. Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México. 2017;74(1): 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmhimx.2016.07.007.
Brisson GD, Alves LR, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS. Genetic susceptibility in childhood acute leukaemias: a systematic review. ecancermedicalscience. 2015;9. https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2015.539.
Saravia-Bartra MM, Cazorla P, Ignacio-Cconchoy FL, Cazorla-Saravia P. Lactancia materna exclusiva como factor protector de la leucemia linfoblástica aguda. Andes Pediatrica. 2021;92(1): 34. https://doi.org/10.32641/andespediatr.v92i1.2617.
Su Q, Sun X, Zhu L, Yan Q, Zheng P, Mao Y, et al. Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. BMC Medicine. 2021;19(1): 90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-01950-5.
Michie C. Breast feeding could reduce the risk of childhood leukaemias. Evidence Based Nursing. 2016;19(3): 83.1-83. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-102200.
Comité de Lactancia Materna de la Asociación Española de Pediatría. Lactancia materna en niños mayores o prolongada. [Internet]. Madrid: AEP;. 2017 [citado 23 de octubre de 2022]; Disponible en: https://www.aeped.es/comite-nutricion-y-lactancia-materna/lactancia-materna/documentos/lactancia-materna-en-ninos-mayores-o
Mezei G, Sudan M, Izraeli S, Kheifets L. Epidemiology of childhood leukemia in the presence and absence of Down syndrome. Cancer Epidemiology. 2014;38(5): 479–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2014.07.006.
Shu XO, Linet MS, Steinbuch M, Wen WQ, Buckley JD, Neglia JP, et al. Breast-Feeding and Risk of Childhood Acute Leukemia. JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1999;91(20): 1765–1772. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/91.20.1765.
Altinkaynak S, Selimoglu MA, Turgut A, Kilicaslan B, Ertekin V. Breast-feeding Duration and Childhood Acute Leukemia and Lymphomas in a Sample of Turkish Children: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2006;42(5): 568–572. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mpg.0000215309.93911.84.
Kwan ML, Buffler PA, Wiemels JL, Metayer C, Selvin S, Ducore JM, et al. Breastfeeding patterns and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. British Journal of Cancer. 2005;93(3): 379–384. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6602706.
Gao Z, Wang R, Qin ZX, Dong A, Liu CB. Protective effect of breastfeeding against childhood leukemia in Zhejiang Province, P. R. China: a retrospective case-control study. Libyan Journal of Medicine. 2019;14(1): 1508273. https://doi.org/10.1080/19932820.2018.1508273.
Lingappa AL, Kalapalar SR, Rudrappa SR, Manjunatha S. Breastfeeding and Its Associated Risk in Children with Acute Leukemia: A Retrospective Study. Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology. 2018;39(03): 312–315. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_18_17.
Greenop KR, Bailey HD, Miller M, Scott RJ, Attia J, Ashton LJ, et al. Breastfeeding and Nutrition to 2 Years of Age and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Brain Tumors. Nutrition and Cancer. 2015;67(3): 431–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2015.998839.
Karimi M, Haghighat M, Dialameh Z, Tahmasbi L, Parand S, Bardestani M. Breastfeeding as a Protective Effect Against Childhood Leukemia and Lymphoma. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2016;18(9). https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.29771.
Eden T. Aetiology of childhood leukaemia. Cancer Treatment Reviews. 2010;36(4): 286–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.02.004.
Clark CJ, Johnson NP, Soriano M, Warren JL, Sorrentino KM, Kadan-Lottick NS, et al. Unconventional Oil and Gas Development Exposure and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case–Control Study in Pennsylvania, 2009–2017. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2022;130(8): 087001. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11092.
Navabi A, Aznab M, Heydarpour F. The association between microRNA polymorphisms and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiology. 2022;81: 102285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2022.102285.
Nguyen A, Crespi CM, Vergara X, Kheifets L. Commercial outdoor plant nurseries as a confounder for electromagnetic fields and childhood leukemia risk. Environmental Research. 2022;212: 113446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113446.
Bamouni S, Hémon D, Faure L, Clavel J, Goujon S. Residential proximity to croplands at birth and childhood leukaemia. Environmental Health. 2022;21(1): 103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00909-0.
Kim KU, Kim WH, Jeong CH, Yi DY, Min H. More than Nutrition: Therapeutic Potential of Breast Milk-Derived Exosomes in Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020;21(19): 7327. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197327.
Ballard O, Morrow AL. Human Milk Composition. Pediatric Clinics of North America. 2013;60(1): 49–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2012.10.002.
Kim MH, Shim KS, Yi DY, Lim IS, Chae SA, Yun SW, et al. Macronutrient Analysis of Human Milk according to Storage and Processing in Korean Mother. Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition. 2019;22(3): 262. https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2019.22.3.262.
Schraw JM, Dong YQ, Okcu MF, Scheurer ME, Forman MR. Do longer formula feeding and later introduction of solids increase risk for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia? Cancer Causes & Control. 2014;25(1): 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-013-0309-7.
Bernard JY, De Agostini M, Forhan A, Alfaiate T, Bonet M, Champion V, et al. Breastfeeding Duration and Cognitive Development at 2 and 3 Years of Age in the EDEN Mother–Child Cohort. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2013;163(1): 36-42.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.11.090.
Amitay EL, Keinan-Boker L. Breastfeeding and Childhood Leukemia Incidence: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review. JAMA Pediatrics. 2015;169(6): e151025. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1025.
Gómez-Gutiérrez M. Valoración de la lactancia materna prolongada en madres con formación sanitaria frente a madres sin formación sanitaria. Nure Inv. 2021;18(112): 1–9. Disponible en: https://www.nureinvestigacion.es/OJS/index.php/nure/article/view/2101/966.
Section on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. Pediatrics. 2005;115(2): 496–506. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-2491.
Gong QQ, Quan DD, Guo C, Zhang C, Zhang ZJ. Association between maternal breastfeeding and risk of systemic neoplasms of offspring. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2022;48(1): 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-022-01292-9.
Rudant J, Lightfoot T, Urayama KY, Petridou E, Dockerty JD, Magnani C, et al. Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Indicators of Early Immune Stimulation: A Childhood Leukemia International Consortium Study. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2015;181(8): 549–562. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwu298.
Güngör D, Nadaud P, Dreibelbis C, LaPergola CC, Wong YP, Terry N, et al. Infant milk-feeding practices and childhood leukemia: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(Supplement_1): 757S-771S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy306.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Kevin Minchola Castañeda, Fátima Morales-Ibañez, Angie Montalvo-Rodríguez, José Moncada-Carrera
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
